医学专用英语翻译
医学专用英语翻译有哪些你知道吗?下面是我收集整理的医学专用英语翻译希望对你们有用。
医学专用英语翻译如下
AssessingtheEyesandEars 眼、耳评估
Assessment 评估
Askifclienthasahistoryofeyedisease,trauma,orvisionproblems. 询问受检者是否有眼疾、外伤或视力问题史。
Askifclienthasahistoryofeardisease,trauma,orhearingproblems. 询问受检者是否有耳疾、外伤或听力问题史。
Determineoccupationalhistoryanduseofglasses,contacts,hearingaid,andmedications. 检查职业史及眼镜、隐形眼镜、助听器和药物使用情况。
Implementation实施
UseStandardProtocol. 采用标准护理程序
Testvisualacuity: 视敏度测试
A.Ifclientwearsglassesorcontactlenses,asktoreadprintfromnewspaperwhilewearingglasses.Notedistancefromtheeyesthatclientholdsthenewspaper. 带眼镜或隐形眼镜者,可要求其带眼镜阅读报纸,注意受检者看报时眼睛与报纸的距离。
B.Ifclientisunabletoseeprintclearly,testeacheyeseparatelybyplacingindexcardoveroneeyeatatime. 如受检者看不清报纸文字,可用卡纸盖住眼睛轮流测试两眼视力。
Testvisualfields. 视野测试
A.Haveclientsitorstand60cm(2feet)awayandfaceyou.Youreyesshouldbeateyelevelofclient. 病人面对检查者坐或站于60cm处。检查者两眼与受检者两眼同高。
B.Askclienttogentlycloseorcoveroneeyeandtolookatyoureyedirectlyopposite.Closeorcoverothereyeonsideofclient'sclosedeye. 嘱受检者轻轻遮住或闭上一只眼睛(如右眼),从对面直视检查者眼睛。检查者闭上或遮住异侧眼睛(即左眼)。
C.Fullyextendarmmidwaybetweenclientandyourself,thenmoveitcentrallywithfingersmoving. 检查者手臂前伸至与受检者距离中间处,移动手臂并不断摆动手指。
D.Movefingerorobjectequidistantfromyouandclientoutsideofownfieldofvision.Slowlybringitbackintofield,askingclienttostatewhenitisfirstseen.Repeatprocedureforallvisualfieldsandforbotheyes. 在检查者与受检者等距离处移动手指或物体至自身视野外。缓缓移进视野,告诉病人在靠前眼看到手指或物体时就告诉检查者。各个方位重复操作,检查双眼。
Testextraocularmovements 眼外运动测试
A.Instructclienttolookstraightaheadtowardyou,keepingheadmotionlessthroughoutexamination. 嘱病人直视检查者,检查时头部保持不动。
B.Holdfinger15to30cm(6to12inches)infrontofclient'seyes. 手指放于受检者前方10-30cm处。
C.Askclienttofollowmovementoffingerwitheyes,keepingheadstill.Movefingerslowlythrougheachofeightcardinalgazes. 嘱受检者双眼随手指移动,头部不动。按八个方位移动手指。
D.Keepfingerwithinnormalfieldofvision. 手指保持在正常视野范围内。
E.Observeparalleleyemovement,positionofupperlidinrelationtoiris,andpresenceofnystagmus. 观察眼睛平行运动、上眼睑与虹膜对比位置和眼震。
Testpupillaryreflexes 瞳孔反射测试
A.Dimroomlightstotestreactiontolight. 关暗灯光测试对光反应。
B.Asclientlooksstraightahead,movelightsourcefromsideofclient'sfaceanddirectlightontopupil. 受检者直视前方,将灯源从受检者脸部外侧内移,将灯光直接照射于受检者瞳孔。
C.Observepupillaryresponseofbotheyes. 观察双眼瞳孔反应。
D.Notecorneallightreflex. 注意角膜对光反射。
E.Defectsalonginnermarginsoftheirismaybefromsurgicalcorrectionforglaucoma. 青光眼手术矫正可以引起虹膜内缘缺陷。
Testaccommodation. 调节能力测试
A.Askclienttolookatwallindistance.Quicklybringfingerwithin10to15cm(4to6inches)ofclient'snoseandaskclienttolookatfinger. 嘱受检者看远处墙壁。快速将手指移至受检者鼻前10-15cm处,要求受检者看手指。
B.Movefingersmoothlytowardnasalbridge;watchforpupilconstrictionandconvergence. 手指平稳地向鼻柱移动,观察瞳孔收缩会聚。
Assessexternaleye. 外眼评估
A.Inspecteyepositionwitheyesopen.Noteifanyportionoflowerconjunctivaisvisible. 受检者睁蛝,检查眼睛位置。注意结膜是否理垂。
B.Askclienttoclosebotheyes;inspectlidposition.Raiseeyebrowsandinspectuppereyelidsforcolor,edema,andpresenceoflesions.Haveclientopeneyes,andnoteblinkreflex. 受检者闭上双眼,检查眼睑位置。揭开眉毛检查上眼睑颜色、浮肿及有无损伤。嘱受检者睁眼,注意瞬目反射。
C.Inspectlacrimalapparatusandnoteedemaorinflammation.Palpatetodetecttenderness.(NOTE:Applyglovesifdrainagepresent.)Inspectforexcesstearingoredemaofinnercanthus. 检查泪器,注意水肿或炎症。触碰检查有无触痛。(注意:如有渗液就带手套)检查有无泪水过多或内眦水肿。
D.Inspectconjunctivaforcolor,edema,orlesion***ygentlydepressinglowerlidwiththumbpressedagainstbonyorbit.Askclienttolookup. 检查结膜颜色、水肿,或拇指靠在眼眶轻轻按压下眼睑检查有无损伤。嘱受检者抬眼。。
E.Inspectcorneaforopacitie***yshininglightatanangletowardthecornera.Checkpupilsforsize,shape,andequality.Inspectirisforsymmetry. 用手电光斜照角膜,检查角膜浊斑。检查瞳孔大小、形状和对等。检查虹膜否对称。
Examineexternalear. 检查外耳
A.Inspectauricleforplacement,size,symmetry,andcolor. 检查耳廓布局、大小、对称性和颜色。
B.Palpateauriclefortexture,tenderness,andpresenceoflesions.Ifclientcomplainsofpain,gentlypullauricleandpressontragusandbehindearovermastoidbone. 触碰耳廓检查质地、触痛,有无损伤。如受检者叫痛,轻拉耳廓和按耳屏及耳后颞骨乳突部。
C.Observeopeningofearc***forlesions,discharge,swelling,foreignbodies,orinflammation. 观察耳道口有无损伤、漏液、肿大、异物升炎症。
D.Inspectc***forbuildupofcerumen.Ifc***isclear,askhowoftenclientusuallycleansears. 检查耳道有无耳垢。如耳道干净询问受检者通常清理时间。
Assesshearingacuity. 评估听敏度
A.Askclienttoremovehearingaidandcloseeyes. 嘱受检者取下助听器,闭眼。
B.testoneearatatime 逐眼检查。
C.Stand15to60cm(6inchesto2feet)away,exhalefully,andsoftlywhisperasequenceofnumberswithtwoequallyaccentedsyllables. 站于15-60cm开外,呼气,轻柔地说出一串数字,音节间重音相等。
D.Askclienttorepeat.Repeatinconversationalorloudtonesifneeded. 嘱受检者重复。必要时可用谈话语调或大声重复。
Ifhearinglossissuspected,performatuningforktest. 如疑有听力丧失,可进行音叉测试。
A.Weber'stest
Holdforkatit***aseandtaplightlyagainstheelofpalm.Placebaseofvibratingforkonmidlinevertexofclient'sheadormiddleofforehead.
Askclientifsoundisheardequallyinbothearsorbetterinoneear. 韦伯试验
握住音叉,轻轻击掌根,将震动音叉面放在受检者头顶正中线或额头中间。
询问受检者两耳声音是否一样或有差异。
B.Rinnetest
Placestemofvibratingtuningforkagainstclient'smastoidprocess.
Askclienttotellyouwhensoundisnolongerheard.Observethelengthoftimeinseconds.
Quicklyplacethestill-vibratingtines1to2cm(1/2to1inch)fromearc***.
Askclienttotellyouwhensoundisnolongerheard.Again,timewithawatch.
Comparethenumberofsecondsforboneconductionversusairconduction. 林纳试验
将震动音叉杆靠在受检者乳突。嘱受检者在听不到声音时通知你。观察持续时间(秒)。
迅速将仍在震动的音叉尖端放于离耳道1-2cm处。
嘱受检者病人在听不到声音时通知你。记录时间。
对比骨导和气导时间。
UseCompletionProtocol. 采用护理完成程序
Evaluation 评价
Comparefindingswithclient'***aselineandnormalexpectedfindings. 对比受检者基线值和正常预期值。
IdentifyUnexpectedOutcomesandNursingInterventionRecordandReport确认意外结果和护理措施
记录和报告
Assessmentfindings. 评估所见
Descriptionofabnormalities. 异常说明
Abnormalfindings(reporttophysician). 异常结果(报告医生)